Research & Applications

Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have measured how diamond melts under extreme pressures, resolving a long-standing discrepancy between experiment and theory. In inertial confinement fusion experiments, where a diamond capsule is used to hold fuel, this refined understanding of diamond’s phase change has the potential to triple energy gain, provided that other degradation mechanisms can be controlled.

Yesterday, Oak Ridge National Laboratory announced that the Department of Energy has committed funding to develop a fusion breeding blanket test facility at the lab in partnership with Kyoto Fusioneering, and the company announced it will be relocating its U.S. headquarters to Oak Ridge, Tenn., with support from the state of Tennessee’s Nuclear Energy Supply Chain Investment Fund.

On August 11, Elemental Nuclear announced that the Department of Energy, through Sandia National Laboratories, approved its entrance into a Strategic Partnership Project. The SPP will support the development of Elemental’s supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂)–based Brayton cycle generator systems.

Researchers conducted experiments in Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory’s Lithium Tokamak Experiment-Beta (LTX-β) showing glow discharge cleaning can be used to effectively clean samples of porous tungsten—used to hold liquid lithium in fusion machine inner walls—manufactured from powder-reconstituted materials, according to a paper published in Nuclear Materials and Energy.

Tungsten is widely used for plasma-facing components in fusion machines, especially in the divertor region where materials must withstand extreme levels of power flow. According to the paper, spark plasma sintering can be used to make tungsten into spongelike samples for holding liquid lithium.

Last week, Los Alamos National Laboratory announced that its ZiaCore microreactor was brought to zero-power criticality at high temperatures in April through May of this year during four weeks of experiments on the Deimos test bed at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC).

The Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA), which is installed at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University, has successfully completed a commissioning and characterization run, establishing that it is ready for scientific operations.

According to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which made the announcement, the measurements that scientists make with GRETA will improve the theoretical models of the atomic nucleus that underpin research in nuclear physics, astrophysics, energy, medicine, and national security.

The Department of Energy has announced two partnership agreements to construct AI data centers combined with energy infrastructure at DOE sites. This week, agency announced a partnership with Big Rivers Electric Power Corporation, Brookfield Corporation, Jackson Purchase Energy Cooperative, NextEra Energy, and Paducah Power System aimed at redeveloping parts of the former Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant into a data center campus with energy infrastructure.

According to a Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) report, a fire occurred in a glovebox in the plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory on June 15. A test involving nonnuclear material was underway in the furnace inside the glovebox at the time of the incident.

The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) announced yesterday that it is developing 2-MW gyrotrons to be used as the main plasma heating system of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X).

W7-X, located at IPP, is currently the largest superconducting stellarator facility in the world. The project conducts research aimed at filling key knowledge and technology gaps for developing a stellarator-based power plant.

Within the past month, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has signed memorandums of understanding to increase its cooperation with two U.S. maritime organizations. In late June, the NRC signed an MOU with the U.S. Coast Guard to strengthen coordination on civilian maritime nuclear projects, including floating nuclear power plants and civilian nuclear propulsion. On July 21, the NRC signed an MOU with the newly formed Marine Minerals Administration (MMA) to improve cooperation regarding potential future nuclear projects on the Outer Continental Shelf.

The Department of Energy announced yesterday that it has selected 278 projects under the Genesis Mission request for applications, which opened in March.

According to a White House press release on the same day, $5 billion in federal commitments will be put toward the Genesis Mission.

A tiny ribbon may hold big promise for detecting radiation damage in future tokamaks.

Researchers at the University of Arizona have shown that, when exposed to gamma radiation, graphene nanoribbons exhibit altered current flow from quantum effects while maintaining their atomic framework, suggesting strong potential for use in sensors for monitoring gamma-induced damage to materials and devices in extreme environments, such as fusion machines.

Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have patented a magneto-optical sensor, which uses a rare earth crystal and laser light to measure the strength of intense magnetic fields and electrical currents.

“We think this technology is a pretty major improvement in measuring magnetic fields,” said Israel Owens, a Sandia physicist and co-inventor of the sensor. “We think it’ll be essential especially for research in fusion, high-energy physics, and the power utilities industry. We’re really excited about where things are going.”

The trout population in the western hemisphere is getting stronger through the application of nuclear science.

The International Atomic Energy Agency, as part of a technical cooperation project, is equipping laboratories and training specialists in nine countries to better deal with the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in rainbow trout.

Researchers at Pennsylvania State University have reported evidence that small adjustments to a material’s atomic-level ordering can significantly affect the rate and extent of corrosion, even with identical baseline chemical compositions.

For the study, published recently in Corrosion Science, the team ran simulations for nichrome-based alloys, which have excellent strength, creep resistance, and tolerance to radiation-induced degradation, making them top candidates for use in molten salt reactors and other advanced energy systems.

A new irradiation experimental system is ready for deployment. The rig, which is the focus of In-Core Real-Time Mechanical Testing of Structural Materials (INCREASE-I), an OECD Nuclear Energy Agency project, will be used to conduct stress-relaxation tests of stainless steel at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reactor (MITR), according to the OECD NEA.

The remote, automatic, real-time adjustment of a research reactor’s power by a geographically distributed control system has been reported by researchers from Idaho National Laboratory, the Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign, and Purdue University. The investigators first used an automatic adjustment “digital control loop” system to demonstrate remote adjustments of Purdue’s PUR-1 research reactor. They then applied a reinforcement learning model that simulates the interaction of physical forces inside the reactor, making the loop system more autonomous.

Researchers have reported using a combination of quantum and classical computing to calculate chemistry connected to tritium speciation in a FLiBe—lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride—molten salt blanket, demonstrating a promising direction for unlocking tritium breeding in fusion machines.

On July 1, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proposed removing the “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) principle from its radiation protection regulations and replacing it with a graded approach. The agency also proposed increases to effluent dose limits and adjusting how it handles allowances for exceeding dose limits.

On July 7, SpaceX launched Transporter-17, a smallsat rideshare mission containing 81 payloads. One of the payloads was the Betavoltaic Orbital High-Reliability (BOHR) satellite developed by City Labs.

According to the company, BOHR is “the world’s first commercial nuclear-powered satellite and first nuclear CubeSat.” The spacecraft also broke new ground in the regulatory process for launch approval for commercial nuclear projects.