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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Mingjun Wang, Tangtao Feng, Ping Song, Wenxi Tian, G. H. Su, Suizheng Qiu (Xi’an Jiaotong Univ)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 965-976
In this paper, the detailed thermal mixing characteristics of the two-phase stratified flow in a 45° T-junction were studied with complicated direct contact condensation. The feasibility of CFD model on the two phase mixing process was validated against the experimental data obtained from the XJTU-ECCS apparatus. Results show that the established two-phase CFD model can predict the mixing process correctly during the ECC safety injection with the matched grid, exact boundary conditions and a proper set of mathematical model. Moreover, with a comparison between the condensation rate and the experimental data under different Rt numbers, it was found that the error range of numerical results turned out to be lower than 28%. The condensation rate during the ECC injection was closely related to the Rt number, and the linearity degree between the condensation rate and Rt number was high when the cooling capacity of injection coolant was insufficient. This study summarized a fitting correlation according to simulation results, which can be used to predict the condensation rate in case that the Rt number is lower than 0.55.
