ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Alexander W. Abboud, Donna P. Guillen (INL), Richard Pokorny (UCT Prague)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 557-571
A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to support the testing of a laboratory-scale waste glass melter. This work focuses on providing an understanding of how the heat flux convected from the melt pool is affected by the forced bubbling and by the foam layer underneath the cold cap formed by reaction gases. Simulations were performed for high-level waste glass simulants with viscosities near the minimum and maximum values that are expected during the Hanford tank waste vitrification campaign. The model resolves the forced convection bubbling in the molten glass and bubbles in the foam that forms beneath the cold cap. The glass with higher viscosity shows the formation of significantly larger bubbles to overcome the higher viscous force. The foaming thickness under the cold cap in higher viscosity cases is cleared less easily than the low viscosity glass case. However, the percentage of foam in contact with the cold cap is decreased at higher viscosity since the higher viscous force tends to prevent direct contact. This trend is reversed when there is no forced convection supplied by the bubblers. The heat fluxes at the bottom of the cold cap are compared for cases with and without forced convection bubbling. As expected, the convective heat flux increases with bubbling, and the average values for heat transfer coefficients from the CFD show reasonable agreement with Nusselt number correlations for flat plates.