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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
G. Kennedy, K. Van Tichelen (SCK-CEN), J. Pacio (KIT), I. Di Piazza (ENEA), H. Uitslag-Doolaard (NRG)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 505-519
In recent years, extensive thermal-hydraulic experimental tests have been performed on the LBE-cooled, wire-wrapped fuel assembly of MYRRHA. These thermal-hydraulic tests were performed using fuel assembly mock-ups, in large-scale LBE experimental test facilities at SCK•CEN (Belgium), ENEA (Italy) and KIT (Germany). The fuel assembly pressure drop characteristics and flow induced vibration characteristics were tested with a full-scale 127-pin mock-up test section. The existing pressure drop correlations of Rehme and Cheng and Todreas (simplified model) predict the experimental pressure drop data very well and are considered suitable for use in the design and safety analysis of the MYRRHA system. Flow induced vibrations are very limited in the wire-wrapped bundle and fuel pin fatigue damage from vibration during operation is not expected. Further analysis and testing is required to determine if damage from fretting corrosion could be expected.
Heat transfer characteristics of the fuel assembly were investigated experimentally in two separate 19-pin heated rod test sections, cooled by LBE. The existing Kazimi-Carelli correlation predicts the global average Nusselt numbers very well, but the correlation is not developed to capture local hot-spots. For the fuel assembly safety analysis, a hot-spot factor is defined and analysed to determine the hot-spot temperature penalty, to further determine operational safety margins.
