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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Nailiang Zhuang (Univ of Michigan/Harbin Eng Univ), Kui Zhang (Univ of Michigan/Xi’an Jiao Tong Univ), Annalisa Manera, Victor Petrov (Univ of Michigan)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 250-262
Helical coil steam generators feature excellent heat transfer performance, compactness and mature manufacturing technology. In most designs, the two-phase mixture flows on the shell side of the heat exchanger, however in the steam generator design adopted in advance reactors such as the NUSCALE reactor design, the two-phase flow mixture flows in the helical coils of the heat exchanger. To improve the computational models used to predict the performance of such steam generators, it is necessary to characterize the behavior of two-phase flows in helical coils. In the present paper, detailed measurements of the void fraction distribution of an air-water two-phase flow in a glass transparent helical coil were conducted. At this aim, an X-ray radiography and high-speed videography system were used. The high-resolution measurements were also used to identify and classify flow regimes. A total of 15 runs is presented in this paper, classified into 6 flow regimes, namely: bubbly flow, plug flow, stratified wavy flow, slug flow, semi annular flow and annular flow.