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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
X. Cheng, M. Zhao (KIT), X. J. Liu (SJTU)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 227-240
The present study proposes two sets of correlations of heat transfer to supercritical water for the cases with given heat flux and given wall surface temperature, respectively. Three steps are taken to develop the new correlations. At first a large data base was established. The reliability of each test point in the data base was assessed with respect to its consistence and reproducibility. In the second step, important dimensionless parameters were identified with two different approaches, i.e. the Spearman's rank correlation and the group-wise statistic assessment. Both approaches led to the similar outcomes and identified the most important dimensionless parameters, which can be used to predict the heat transfer coefficient. In the third step, two sets of correlations were proposed for the cases of given heat flux and given wall surface temperature, respectively, to avoid iterative procedure and subsequently possible multiple solutions. Both correlations give reasonable prediction of the experimental data. Nevertheless, the correlation for the cases with given wall surface temperature shows much better accuracy than that for the cases of given heat flux.