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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Chiaki Kino, Yoshihiro Morita, Masao Chaki (The Inst of Applied Energy)
Proceedings | Advances in Thermal Hydraulics 2018 | Orlando, FL, November 11-15, 2018 | Pages 201-211
Reactor core isolation cooling system (RCIC) is designed to operate using saturated steam extracted from a main steam line. On the other hand, RCIC in Unit-2 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was activated before the tsunami hit and continued to operate under two phase flow conditions during the accident. When RCIC continuously operates without control by electric power, reactor water level would reach the main steam line resulting in turbine efficiency degradation and subsequent RCIC stop. The mechanism for RCIC of Unit-2 to have continuously operated under such two phase flow conditions is still unclear. Currently, a project is progressing to understand the true operating limitations of RCIC system under beyond design basis event. The Institute of Applied Energy is developing the new RCIC system model for the SAMPSON code in the project. The present paper proposes a trial model for RCIC system under two phase flow conditions. The model takes the effect of quality and pressure on turbine efficiency into consideration. SAMPSON calculation based on the model could reproduce qualitatively RPV pressure behavior of Fukushima Daiichi Unit-2 accident. However there are many uncertainties, such as water temperature of S/P, isentropic efficiency, and so on, so the model will be improved based on experiment and CFD results planned in the project.