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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Andhika F. Wibisono (Univ of Cambridge), Jeong Ik Lee (KAIST), Eugene Shwageraus (Univ of Cambridge)
Proceedings | 2018 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2018) | Charlotte, NC, April 8-11, 2018 | Pages 1056-1065
Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are known to be used as providers of base-load power. As the share of the intermittent renewables in the energy mix increases, the maneuvering (load-following) of NPPs is becoming more important. Previous studies have found that combining Light Water Reactors (LWRs) with external superheater would improve their cycle thermal efficiencies and maneuvering capabilities. Implementation of this concept in a small modular boiling water reactor (SMBWR) might offer additional benefits, such as vessel size reduction and further boost of cycle thermal efficiency at higher operating pressure. This paper presents a preliminary design of hybrid SMBWR, focusing on the effect of system pressure on reactor capability to operate with natural recirculation of coolant and on steam cycle thermodynamic performance. It is demonstrated that hybrid SMBWR has natural circulation system operating at higher pressure than the conventional system by increasing its chimney height. The study of the effect of system pressure on power cycle thermodynamic performance was done by considering both fossil fuel heat and renewable heat as the potential heat source for the external superheater. The cycle thermal efficiency of hybrid SMBWR with fossil heat option varies between 40 to 42% depending on the system operating pressure while the values for renewable heat option are between 38 to 40%.