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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Lili Liu, Hongxing Yu, Liang Chen, Deng Jian, Deng Chunrui, Zhang Dan, Wu Xiaoli ( Nuclear Power Inst of China)
Proceedings | 2018 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2018) | Charlotte, NC, April 8-11, 2018 | Pages 239-246
The configuration of a corium pool in the lower plenum of reactor vessel is very important for validity of maintaining reactor vessel integrity under IVRERVC (In-Vessel corium Retention through External Reactor Vessel Cooling) condition. A method is designed to predict the configuration of corium pool for an Advanced China PWR, call ACP1000 after entire melt dropping into the lower plenum. It takes into account both thermo-chemical reaction of oxides and metals in corium and the influence of different paths of corium relocated from core region into the lower plenum. The reasons why a three-layer pool has not been observed in the MASCA and COSMOS tests are given by this method. The method is applied to investigate the corium configuration of ACP1000 after a hypothetical station blackout (SBO) accident. It is shown that the stratification of the corium pool is related to the relocation paths of the corium. In the case of downward relocation, a two-layer melt pool with a metal layer on the top is formed. For the sideward relocation, the configuration shows a stratified pool consisting of a dense metal layer on the bottom, an oxide layer in the middle and a light metal layer on the top.