ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Travis W. Knight, Jamil Khan, Tanvir Farouk (Univ of South Carolina), James Tulenko (Univ of Florida), Joshua Tarbutton (Univ of North Carolina, Charlotte)
Proceedings | 16th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2017) | Charlotte, NC, April 9-13, 2017 | Pages 940-944
An experimental facility has been designed and constructed to investigate vacuum drying of used nuclear fuel for placement in dry cask storage. The motivation for this study was to demonstrate the drying of used nuclear fuel using industry practice and provide the experimental data for development of drying models. A full size BWR fuel assembly (Areva Atrium 10A) with depleted uranium rods and 12 heater rods to simulate decay heat of used fuel is utilized in experiments. The fuel assembly with an interchangeable rod and chamber are designed to examine drying of key features of concern such as failed fuel rods, a BWR water rod, a PWR guide thimble, porous neutron absorber materials, spacer disks, etc. The vacuum chamber simulating the storage cask contains structure similar to baskets for the fuel assembly and surrounding rails to center in the chamber. A test plan is currently being executed and involving separate effects tests of individual features and combined tests with selected features to provide data for the development of drying models to describe drying as a function of cask variables such as temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The experimental plan follows typical industry practice of vacuum drying in stages stepping down in pressure and separated by hold times to provide indication of excess water retained by observation of pressure rise due to boiling of water.