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2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
J. D. Giallonardo, P. G. Keech, D. Doyle (NWMO)
Proceedings | 16th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2017) | Charlotte, NC, April 9-13, 2017 | Pages 173-182
The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) has proposed the concept of a deep geological repository (DGR) for the storage of Canada’s used nuclear fuel. A major component of the engineered barrier system is the used fuel container (UFC). NWMO’s UFC design has been optimized for CANDU fuel. It consists of a structural containment vessel fabricated from carbon steel which houses 48 used fuel bundles. The structural vessel is comprised of a cylindrical shell welded to hemi-spherical heads at either end. An integrally bonded 3 mm thick copper coating is applied to the exterior surface of the steel vessel for corrosion protection. Since 2011, the NWMO has conducted a multi-phase development program for the advancement of copper coating technologies application to UFC’s. This program consisted of proof of concept testing, optimization, technology scale-up and demonstration on full size UFC prototypes. From this work, two reference coating technologies have been identified: electrodeposition and cold spray. Electrodeposition will be used to copper coat the factory supplied UFC components (lower assembly and upper hemi-spherical head); it is a well established, straight-forward, industrial technique that is easily adapted to the UFC material and geometry under conventional fabrication conditions. The cold spray coating process will be used to complete the application of the corrosion barrier to the remaining uncoated zone about the closure weld following final assembly in the hot cell. In this regard, cold spray is well suited to automated robotic application in a radioactive environment. The objective of this paper is to present a current review of NWMO’s copper coating development program, application process to UFC’s and performance testing along with planned future work for continued advancement of the technologies.