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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
C. Toccoli, M. Caillaud, M. Démoulins, A. Laithier, S. Lemaire, J. C. Ribes, D. Riz
Nuclear Technology | Volume 168 | Number 3 | December 2009 | Pages 933-937
Miscellaneous | Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (PART 3) / Radiation Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A9329
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
From a computing standpoint, flash X-ray radiography is much more time-consuming than traditional X-ray applications, and despite the constant increase of computing resources, methods to reduce the calculation time while preserving accuracy are highly needed. At the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, DIANE is the code devoted to flash X-ray calculations. After a brief description of the general features of DIANE, two selected methods implemented in DIANE to provide fast calculations are described. One concerns bremsstrahlung X-ray creation without electron transport electrons: the SSB model. The quality of this model is assessed within the framework of flash X-ray applications on two test problems with a fully photon-electron transport performed with MCNP5. The other focuses on particle tracking and Woodcock tracking. The performance of tracking within large meshes is evaluated.