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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Chikara Konno, Satoshi Sato, Kentaro Ochiai, Masayuki Wada, Seiki Ohnishi, Kosuke Takakura, Hiromasa Iida
Nuclear Technology | Volume 168 | Number 3 | December 2009 | Pages 743-746
Heavy Ion Transport | Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (PART 3) / Radiation Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A9299
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The three-dimensional Sn code Attila of Transpire, Inc., can use computer-aided-design data as direct geometrical input and can deal with assemblies of complicated geometry without much effort. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) organization plans to adopt this code as one of the standard codes for nuclear analyses. However, validation of calculations with this code has not been carried out in detail so far. Thus, we validate this code through analyses of some bulk experiments and streaming experiments with deuterium-tritium neutrons at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Neutronics Source. Analyses with the Sn code system DOORS and Monte Carlo code MCNP4C were also carried out for comparison. The agreement between the Attila and DOORS calculations is very good for the bulk experiments. For the streaming experiments Attila requires special treatment (biased angular quadrature sets or last collided source calculation) as well as DOORS in order to obtain similar results as those with MCNP, though Attila consumes much more time than DOORS.