ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Decommissioning & Environmental Sciences
The mission of the Decommissioning and Environmental Sciences (DES) Division is to promote the development and use of those skills and technologies associated with the use of nuclear energy and the optimal management and stewardship of the environment, sustainable development, decommissioning, remediation, reutilization, and long-term surveillance and maintenance of nuclear-related installations, and sites. The target audience for this effort is the membership of the Division, the Society, and the public at large.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Apr 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
May 2025
Nuclear Technology
April 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Sakae Kinase, Shinpei Matsuhashi, Kimiaki Saito
Nuclear Technology | Volume 168 | Number 1 | October 2009 | Pages 154-157
Dose/Dose Rate | Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (Part 1) / Radiation Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A9117
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Knowledge of interspecies scaling of organ doses from experimental animals such as mice to humans is important in the preclinical evaluation of new radiopharmaceuticals. Interspecies scaling factors should be reliably determined since the dose-response relationships in mice would be translated to those in humans. To obtain reliable interspecies scaling factors of organ doses from mice to humans, absorbed fractions (AFs) are needed for sophisticated models on both mice and humans. In the present study, self-AFs for photons and electrons in the spleen, kidneys, and liver of both a mouse and humans were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. For the mouse and human models, voxel phantoms based on computed tomography were used. The sources were assumed to be monoenergetic in the energy range 10 keV to 4 MeV and to be uniformly distributed in the spleen, kidneys, and liver. Interspecies scaling factors were determined using the results of the self-AFs for the voxel mouse and voxel human. Consequently, interspecies scaling factors were found to be dependent upon energy emitted in the source organ. It was found that the scaling factor for the photon self-AF, which is corrected by the cube root of the organ mass, shows a similar trend as a function of energy with the scaling factor for the electron self-AF.