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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Yehong Liao, Karen Vierow
Nuclear Technology | Volume 167 | Number 1 | July 2009 | Pages 13-19
Technical Paper | NURETH-12 / Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT167-13
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In modeling condensation from vapor-gas mixtures with the heat and mass transfer analogy, there are two parallel methods in the literature to account for variable property effects: (a) the property ratio scheme using an empirical factor as a multiplier for the mass flux and (b) the reference property scheme using reference properties to calculate the mass flux. The current work focuses on the reference property scheme and establishes its relation to the property ratio scheme. From condensation boundary layer analysis, the current work proposes a reference mixture composition and a reference mixture temperature, which can be used for calculation of a variety of reference thermodynamic and transport properties. It is demonstrated that the empirical factor in the property ratio scheme used widely in the literature can be obtained from the reference property scheme derived in the current work, and thus, the two parallel methods to account for variable property effects are equivalent. A common mistake in using the reference mixture composition is highlighted as part of this investigation. The reference property scheme presented herein has a theoretical basis and is more accurate over a wide range of conditions than the empirical property ratio scheme. Finally, the reference property scheme is extended to multicomponent gases.