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Division Spotlight
Isotopes & Radiation
Members are devoted to applying nuclear science and engineering technologies involving isotopes, radiation applications, and associated equipment in scientific research, development, and industrial processes. Their interests lie primarily in education, industrial uses, biology, medicine, and health physics. Division committees include Analytical Applications of Isotopes and Radiation, Biology and Medicine, Radiation Applications, Radiation Sources and Detection, and Thermal Power Sources.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Nuclear Science and Engineering
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Nuclear Technology
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Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Joseph Oncken, Linyu Lin, Vivek Agarwal
Nuclear Technology | Volume 210 | Number 12 | December 2024 | Pages 2274-2289
Review Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2024.2342206
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Microreactors, a specific class of nuclear reactor, feature a thermal power output of <20 MW, with intended use cases ranging from power production for remote localities and industrial facilities, to military applications, to disaster relief. Because the remote locations of these reactors make repairs difficult, and with continuous power production being essential for the intended use cases, the control system for microreactors should be able to operate or safely shut down the reactor under abnormal conditions (e.g. cases of component failure). The nuclear industry is currently pursuing various microreactor designs, one of which is the heat pipe (HP)–cooled microreactor. A potential failure mechanism in this type of microreactor is individual HP failure. The present work explores the notion that even if a single HP fails, an HP-cooled microreactor may still be controllable in its degraded state. A framework is presented for the stable control of an HP-cooled microreactor system’s thermal output power and temperature regulation under both normal and HP failure conditions, using adaptive model predictive control (A-MPC). A-MPC was implemented for its ability to maintain optimal controller performance under changing plant state and system constraints. The complex, nonlinear physical phenomena present in an HP-cooled microreactor make using a physics-based model as the A-MPC controller’s internal predictor impractical. Thus, a data-based surrogate predictor model was developed for use under both normal and HP failure conditions.
The subject under study is a 37-HP system intended to simulate the HP and core thermal behavior of an HP-cooled microreactor. This system was modeled and simulated in DireWolf, a Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)–based application designed to simulate HP-cooled microreactors. The resulting model was used to generate training data for the data-based predictor model and served as the plant simulator when coupled with the A-MPC controller. This paper presents the data-based predictor model of the 37-HP system, the A-MPC controller architecture that proved suitable under both normal and HP failure microreactor conditions, and the performance of the controller when coupled with the DireWolf simulation of the 37-HP system under both normal and HP failure conditions.