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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Afiqa Mohamad, Yutaka Udagawa
Nuclear Technology | Volume 210 | Number 2 | February 2024 | Pages 245-260
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2185061
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the Power to Melt and Maneuverability (P2M) project, a simulation exercise on two past power ramp experiments, xM3 on a medium-burnup rod and HBC4 on a high-burnup rod, was performed with the fuel performance code FEMAXI-8 to investigate fuel behavior under high-power and high-temperature conditions toward centerline fuel melting. In order to treat fuel melting, empirical melting temperature models have been incorporated into the FEMAXI-8 code. The present analysis gives reasonable predictions not only on cladding deformation but also on the fuel melting behavior of the HBC4 rod in which the UO2 liquidus temperature was reached during the transient. On the other hand, model improvement appears to be needed for a more accurate treatment of the fuel melting behavior of the xM3 rod in which the fuel center temperature reached the solidus line, whereas it may have not reached the liquidus line. A reasonable agreement of estimated fission gas release (FGR) with the measurement suggested that the high-temperature FGR at the given conditions is essentially a temperature-dependent phenomenon rate limited primarily by thermally activated elementary processes, such as fission gas diffusion.