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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
A. Nava-Dominguez, S. Liu, T. Beuthe, B. P. Bromley, A. V. Colton
Nuclear Technology | Volume 207 | Number 8 | August 2021 | Pages 1216-1236
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1813463
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The use of advanced uranium-based and thorium-based fuel bundles in a 700-MW(electric)–class pressure tube heavy water reactor (PT-HWR) has the potential for improved performance characteristics with higher burnup, higher fissile fuel utilization, and lower coolant void reactivity while also extracting the energy potential in thorium. In this study, thermal-hydraulic subchannel analyses were performed for a single, high-power (6.5 MW), 12-bundle fuel channel at typical reactor operating conditions for 14 different PT-HWR lattice/core concepts using various types of advanced uranium-based and thorium-based fuels in 37-element and 35-element fuel bundle design concepts. Fuel bundle radial power distributions for fresh fuel at zero burnup were used in the thermal-hydraulic calculations, as a bounding case, along with axial power distributions that are representative of those that may be found in a high-power fuel channel in a PT-HWR core at near-equilibrium refueling conditions. The fuel bundle radial power distributions and fuel channel axial power distributions were determined from previous lattice physics and core physics studies. Based on the subchannel thermal-hydraulic analyses, the LC-05b/CC-04 BUNDLE-37-mod concept and the LC-12b/CC-08 BUNDLE-35 concept are recommended as the best candidates for further full-core system thermal-hydraulic transient analyses, based on critical heat flux and void fraction performance factors. BUNDLE-37 concept LC-01/CC-00 is also recommended as the reference case for future analysis.