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Colin Judge: Testing structural materials in Idaho’s newest hot cell facility
Idaho National Laboratory’s newest facility—the Sample Preparation Laboratory (SPL)—sits across the road from the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF), which started operating in 1975. SPL will host the first new hot cells at INL’s Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) in 50 years, giving INL researchers and partners new flexibility to test the structural properties of irradiated materials fresh from the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) or from a partner’s facility.
Materials meant to withstand extreme conditions in fission or fusion power plants must be tested under similar conditions and pushed past their breaking points so performance and limitations can be understood and improved. Once irradiated, materials samples can be cut down to size in SPL and packaged for testing in other facilities at INL or other national laboratories, commercial labs, or universities. But they can also be subjected to extreme thermal or corrosive conditions and mechanical testing right in SPL, explains Colin Judge, who, as INL’s division director for nuclear materials performance, oversees SPL and other facilities at the MFC.
SPL won’t go “hot” until January 2026, but Judge spoke with NN staff writer Susan Gallier about its capabilities as his team was moving instruments into the new facility.
Christofer E. Whiting
Nuclear Technology | Volume 207 | Number 6 | June 2021 | Pages 782-789
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1831874
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Performance predictions for the first multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) flight unit and engineering unit were recently reported. Both units were produced and operated/tested within specifications [i.e., nominal thermal inventory = 2000 W(thermal)]. In an attempt to study the effect of a deep space cruise on an MMRTG that has been operational for 6.25 years (2.25 years storage + 4 years cruise), the qualification unit (QU) was placed on life test with a below-specification thermal inventory of 1904 W(thermal). Analysis indicates that loading an MMRTG with a lower thermal inventory may result in less power at the beginning-of-life but more power at the end-of-design-life (EODL). The lower thermal inventory in the QU produces a lower operating temperature, which appears to cause a significant reduction in the degradation rate of the thermoelectric couples. Preliminary calculations indicate that a thermal inventory of 1904 W(thermal) could result in a 9 W(electric) power boost at EODL [i.e., 84 W(electric)], which is a 12% improvement over the first MMRTG flight unit and engineering unit predictions. Preliminary degradation analysis suggests that a 1904 W(thermal) unit will begin to produce more power than a 2027 W(thermal) unit approximately 4 years after fueling. This suggests that missions with a primary power requirement more than 4 years after fueling would benefit from a lower thermal inventory. In addition, using a lower thermal inventory has significant benefits for 238Pu stockpile management and may allow for additional MMRTGs to be fueled from our current reserves. Conclusions and hypotheses presented here should be considered preliminary because the QU data set is very small and there are some uncertainties regarding how early-life QU data will translate into later-life performance. More QU testing at a thermal inventory of 1904 W(thermal) is needed to prove that the preliminary conclusions presented here are valid.