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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Fernando Ferrante, Stuart Lewis, Gareth Parry, Donald Dube, James Chapman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 207 | Number 3 | March 2021 | Pages 452-459
Technical Note | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1782693
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
While general guidance for addressing individual elements of the key principles of risk-informed decision making (RIDM) for large commercial nuclear power plants is available in the literature, the implementation of RIDM can still be challenging, whether a mature RIDM framework exists or not. Traditionally, RIDM approaches have focused strongly on the use of risk information, particularly quantitative results from probabilistic risk assessments, with some individual guidance on other key principles such as defense in depth and safety margin. Addressing these different principles in an integrated, balanced fashion that utilizes the strengths of each principle while understanding the impact of uncertainties is not as easily implemented. In fact, the evaluation of each principle in isolation can lead to inadequate input for decision-making purposes, while heavily relying on any single principle can negate the benefits from using a risk-informed approach. This technical note focuses on the specific challenges of the implementation of a truly integrated RIDM (IRIDM) framework and provides specific solutions and detailed discussions and examples. It discusses important clarifications of the key principles of RIDM and their intended implementation, as well as the interrelationships of the principles. A framework for IRIDM is presented that integrates the information that needs to be considered, documented, and communicated to decision makers.