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The Radiation Protection and Shielding Division is developing and promoting radiation protection and shielding aspects of nuclear science and technology — including interaction of nuclear radiation with materials and biological systems, instruments and techniques for the measurement of nuclear radiation fields, and radiation shield design and evaluation.
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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Yu Huang, Gaofeng Lu, Youshi Zeng, Nan Qian, Xinxin Chu, Guanghua Wang, Shengwei Wu, Wei Liu
Nuclear Technology | Volume 206 | Number 3 | March 2020 | Pages 458-466
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1633156
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Since the Pd/Ag membrane has a permselectivity for hydrogen isotopes, a permeator with a Pd/Ag membrane is developed to separate tritium from inert gases. First, a permeation experiment of pure H2 was carried out to determine the pressure exponent and the rate-determining step of permeation. It was found that the diffusion of H2 through the Pd membrane was the rate-determining step. Then, the separation of H2 from H2-Ar gas mixtures was carried out on the permeator to simulate the separation of tritium. Moreover, numerical simulation was utilized to study the concentration distribution of H2 in the permeator. The permeability of the Pd/Ag membrane was determined comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. The permeation flux of H2 through the Pd/Ag membrane is affected by permeability, the volume fraction of Ar in the feed gas, and the flow rate of the feed gas. In the condition of high permeability and Ar volume fraction, a phenomenon known as concentration polarization occurred. It can strongly affect the permeation of H2. Based on these results, an optimized design of the Pd/Ag permeator can be made to effectively separate tritium from other gases.