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ANS Student Conference 2025
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First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
Amol Patil, Shoaib Usman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 165 | Number 2 | February 2009 | Pages 249-256
Technical Paper | Radiation Measurements and Instrumentation | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A4090
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper describes the finding of an experimental study to measure the detector paralysis factor and the use of this parameter in conjunction with detector dead time to better model detector dead-time response. The idealized one-parameter models, the paralyzable and nonparalyzable models, are inadequate to properly model the dead-time response of any real detector system. To address this deficiency, a more realistic two-parameter model is proposed that incorporates the paralysis factor of the detector in addition to the dead time. The revised two-parameter-based model is an extension of Lee and Gardner's two-dead-time model. A simple scheme is proposed to deduce these parameters from the recorded data based on the rise and drop of count rates from a decaying source. Measurements were made using 56Mn and 52V. The data collected in this study show that a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector has a paralysis factor of ~50 to 77% and a dead time of 6 to 10 s. Using the data collected by Lee and Gardner, the paralysis factor for a Geiger-Mueller (GM) counter is estimated to be ~5%. These results are consistent with the approximating assumption that GM counters are nonparalyzing and HPGe detectors are paralyzing.