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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Hiroyuki Yoshida, Akira Ohnuki, Takeharu Misawa, Kazuyuki Takase, Hajime Akimoto
Nuclear Technology | Volume 164 | Number 1 | October 2008 | Pages 45-54
Technical Paper | Icapp '06 | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A4007
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A research and development project to investigate thermal-hydraulic performance in the tight-lattice rod bundles of the Innovative Water Reactor for Flexible Fuel Cycle (FLWR) has been in progress at Japan Atomic Energy Agency in collaboration with power companies, reactor vendors, and universities since 2002. The FLWR can realize favorable characteristics such as effective utilization of uranium resources, multiple recycling of plutonium, high burnup, and long operation cycle, based on matured light water reactor technologies. Mixed-oxide fuel assemblies with tight lattice arrangement are used because they increase the conversion ratio by reducing the moderation of neutrons. Increasing the in-core void fraction also contributes to the reduction of neutron moderation. Information about the effects of the gap width and grid spacer configuration on the flow characteristics in the FLWR core is still insufficient. Thus, we are developing procedures for qualitative analysis of thermal-hydraulic performance of the FLWR core using an advanced numerical simulation technology. In this study, an advanced two-fluid model is developed to economize on the computing resources. In the model, interface structures larger than computational cells (such as liquid film) are simulated by the interface tracking method, and small bubbles and droplets are estimated by the two-fluid model. In this paper, we describe the outline of this model and the numerical simulations we performed to validate the model performance qualitatively.