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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Kwon-Yeong Lee, Moo Hwan Kim
Nuclear Technology | Volume 163 | Number 2 | August 2008 | Pages 261-272
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A3986
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A theoretical model using a heat and mass transfer analogy was developed to investigate the effects of noncondensable gases on the heat transfer coefficient of steam condensing inside a vertical tube. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers in the gas phase were modified to incorporate the effects of condensate film roughness, suction, and developing flow. The model predictions showed good agreement with the experimental data obtained for various experimental conditions. A parametric study was conducted using the model with condenser tube diameter as a variable. The results indicated that the effects of noncondensable gases become weak as the inlet mixture Reynolds number (Remix,in = 4[over dot]mmix,in/dimix,in) increases and inlet noncondensable gas mass fraction (Wnc,in = [over dot]mnc,in/([over dot]mnc,in + [over dot]mv,in)) decreases. In addition, the effects of noncondensable gases also become weak as the condenser tube diameter decreases with the same inlet mixture Reynolds number because of interfacial shear stress.
