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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Francisco I. Valentín, Narbeh Artoun, Ryan Anderson, Masahiro Kawaji, Donald M. McEligot
Nuclear Technology | Volume 196 | Number 3 | December 2016 | Pages 661-673
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NT16-46
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Very high temperature reactors (VHTRs) with helium-cooled prismatic cores are one type of Generation IV gas-cooled reactors proposed for implementation in next-generation nuclear power plants. To contribute to the VHTR development, a high-temperature/high-pressure test facility has been constructed and used to investigate the convection heat transfer of gaseous coolants. This test facility consisted of a single flow channel with a diameter of 16.8 mm in a graphite column with a length of 2.7 m (9 ft) equipped with four 2.3-kW heaters. Convection heat transfer experiments were conducted with air, nitrogen, and helium for inlet Reynolds number (Re) values ranging from 500 to 70000. Extensive three-dimensional numerical modeling was also performed using a commercial finite element package, COMSOL Multiphysics. The numerical results agreed with the convection heat transfer data, with maximum error percentages under 15%. Based on this agreement, important information was extracted from the numerical model regarding the axial and radial velocity and temperature profiles as well as the axial variations in gas properties. This work examines deteriorated turbulent heat transfer and flow laminarization for a wide range of Re, including laminar, transition, and turbulent flows.