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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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Seoul National University (SNU) proposed a new concept of a reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS), which is a critical safety feature in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. To provide reasonable experimental data for the code assessment and evaluate the feasibility of the proposed system, performance and integrity were tested by separate-effects test apparatuses and a reduced-scale mockup facility named RCCS-SNU. Calculations were performed using the MARS-GCR code for the validation of its capability to simulate multidimensional behavior, natural convective heat transfer, radiative heat transfer, etc. This assessment showed that the MARS-GCR code reasonably predicts the characteristics of the radiative heat transfer in the cavity and the forced convective heat transfer through the air-cooling pipes. However, the study showed deviation in the simulation of heat transfers that occur inside the cavity and water pool, especially the thermal stratification phenomenon. As a result, it was concluded that applying the system code with coarse node, MARS-GCR had certain limitations in the simulation of local phenomena.