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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Jin-Young Cho, Jae-Seung Song, Chung-Chan Lee, Sung-Quun Zee, Jae-Il Lee, Kil-Sup Um
Nuclear Technology | Volume 161 | Number 1 | January 2008 | Pages 57-68
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A3913
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A lumped-refined multichannel analysis scheme is developed for a high-fidelity thermal-hydraulic (T-H) calculation through neutronics code coupling and applied to a control element assembly (CEA) ejection accident of the Ulchin Unit 3 nuclear power plant to quantify the conservatism of the conventional scheme. The high-fidelity core minimum departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) ratio calculation is realized by coupling more than two TORC dynamic link libraries (DLLs) under the control of the neutronics code, one for the lumped multichannel calculation and the others for the refined subchannel calculations. Realistic radial boundary conditions are supplied from the lumped multichannel calculation to the refined TORC DLL through the neutronics code. The CEA ejection accident problem is simulated from the DNB limiting conditions for operation condition, which is searched by adjusting the core radial peaking factor at a 30% axial offset power shape. The results indicate that the simplified hot-channel model contains ~15 and 5% conservatism in the core minimum DNB ratio and in the number of failed fuel rods, respectively, and reveals that those conservatisms are mainly due to the unrealistic isolated boundary condition. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed scheme can be effectively used to quantify the conservatism of a conventional DNB evaluation scheme.