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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
James H. P. Watson, Patrick Foss-Smith, Ray Lidzey
Nuclear Technology | Volume 160 | Number 3 | December 2007 | Pages 352-360
Technical Note | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3906
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper describes the uptake of plutonium, 238Pu, by an adsorbent consisting of Brimac 216 natural carbon, a type of bone char. A strongly magnetic Brimac 216 fine powder produced by Lidzey has been shown to be an excellent adsorbent for many radionuclides. After the adsorption of the radionuclides has taken place, from solution onto the magnetic Brimac 216 powder, the powder, together with the adsorbed radionuclides, can be rapidly removed from suspension, as a concentrate, using high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). A comparison is drawn between experimental results using the conventional column filter, with bone char as the adsorbent medium, and calculations for the HGMS process to treat 3.22 m3 of solution containing 8 mgl-1 of 238Pu and to remove the 238Pu from the suspension to reduce the effluent to less than the maximum concentration limit (MCL) for 238Pu, which is 0.74 Bql-1; however, the minimum concentration value used here is less than the MCL and is 0.0444 Bql-1 (7.006 × 10-14 gl-1 of 238Pu) and is denoted as the lower concentration level. Calculations indicate that HGMS is considerably faster than the column filtration method. This leads to a significant reduction in the time required to process the solution, even though the HGMS process is repeated a number of times. Also, the mass of adsorbent requiring long-term storage is much smaller for HGMS than for the column filtration method.
