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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
F. Nagase, R. O. Gauntt, M. Naito
Nuclear Technology | Volume 196 | Number 3 | December 2016 | Pages 499-510
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NT16-10
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Benchmark Study of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (BSAF) project, run by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency, was established in November 2012. The primary objectives of this benchmark study are to estimate accident progression and status inside the nuclear reactors, including the distribution of fuel debris, and consequently, to contribute to the decommissioning activity at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Altogether, 17 organizations from eight countries calculated the thermohydraulic behavior inside the three reactors for the time span of about 6 days from the occurrence of the earthquake with their severe accident integral codes. Since many boundary conditions are unknown for the accident, those necessary for the calculation were discussed and determined by the participants.
The results submitted were compared on coolant level change, hydrogen generation, initiation and progression of melt in fuel bundle and control blade, failure of reactor pressure vessel, distribution and composition of molten and solidified materials, and progression of the molten core–concrete interaction. Finally, the current estimates of the accident progression and status inside the reactors were summarized together with the still remaining uncertainties and data needs as the output from the project.