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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Bo Wook Rhee, Hangbok Choi, Joo Hwan Park, Kyung Myung Chae, Hye Jeong Yun
Nuclear Technology | Volume 159 | Number 2 | August 2007 | Pages 158-166
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3862
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to analyze the liquid poison injection phenomenon of shutdown system 2 (SDS-2) of a Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactor. Because the SDS-2 injects highly pressurized liquid poison into the moderator in a very short time, it is a major safety priority to confirm the effectiveness of the SDS-2 as one of the shutdown systems. In general, it is difficult to directly measure the velocity and concentration of the poison jet during an injection because of the complex nature of the injection system and the process. Therefore, a series of investigations has been performed to develop a CFD model for liquid poison injection phenomenon with limited validations. In this study, the validation of the existing CFD model for the poison injection phenomenon of the CANDU SDS-2 is extended to be applicable to a CANDU-6 reactor as well as a larger CANDU reactor. The analyses showed that the poison jet growth for those experiments simulated by the 3-D CFD model agrees reasonably with the experimental results. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed 3-D CFD model can be used to assess the effectiveness of a liquid poison injection in compliance with the intended functional design requirements of the CANDU SDS-2.