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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Neng-Chuan Tien, Shih-Hai Li
Nuclear Technology | Volume 155 | Number 2 | August 2006 | Pages 208-225
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT06-A3757
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A numerical model was developed to analyze radioniclide transport within saturated fractured rock that accounts for the effect of nonlinear kinetic sorption of radionuclides on groundwater colloids. The interactions between radionuclides and colloids are assumed to be nonlinear and kinetic, while sorption of radionuclides on fracture surfaces and in rock matrix is described by a sorption distribution coefficient. Colloids may move with a velocity that is higher than the mean groundwater velocity. However, as there are insufficient data with which to assign a priori colloid velocity, we use a theoretical model based on hydrodynamic chromatography to evaluate the colloid velocity within a single fracture.Calculation results show that external surface forces acting on colloids could alter both the mobility of colloids and the host population of radionuclides in groundwater. The results also indicate that colloid-facilitated transport occurs depending on colloid concentration. Moreover, a simple two-member radionuclide decay chain is assumed and incorporated into the kinetic model.