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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Kenzo Munakata, Masahiro Nabeshima
Nuclear Technology | Volume 96 | Number 1 | October 1991 | Pages 84-95
Technical Paper | Enrichment and Reprocessing System | doi.org/10.13182/NT91-A35535
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The behavior of U(IV) in pulsed columns during off-standard operation is studied. The effects of disturbances on the behavior of U(IV) and U(VI) are tested using extraction equipment. The experimental results show that disturbances induce a marked accumulation of U(IV). Furthermore, simulations are carried out with the DYNAC numerical calculation model. For U(VI) and nitric acid concentration, the simulated values are in good agreement with experimental values. There is, however, a tendency to underestimate the concentration of U(IV) in the organic phase when U(IV) distribution correlations based on available data are used. Temperature profiles are also predicted, and the estimated values agree well with the measured values. Therefore, it is confirmed that DYNAC is applicable to heat balance calculation.
