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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Antonio Campo, Gong Li
Nuclear Technology | Volume 119 | Number 2 | August 1997 | Pages 211-216
Technical Note | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT97-A35388
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The problem of optimizing a cluster of isothermal or isoflux parallel-plate channels where the coolant is a metallic liquid is addressed. The pressure difference is fixed, and laminar forced convection is caused by the simultaneous development of velocity and temperature from free-stream conditions of the liquid. The Fanning friction factor is invariant with the fluid. However, local and streamwise-mean Nusselt number distributions for each heating condition are carefully computed exploiting the physical analogy between transient conduction in a flat plate and steady temperature development inside a parallel-plate channel under the premise of slug flow. The qualitative influence of diminute Prandtl number liquids (Pr = 0.01 and 0.005) is reported in terms of the optimal heat transfer and the optimal plate-to-plate spacing for the two heating conditions employed.