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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Floyd E. Dunn
Nuclear Technology | Volume 114 | Number 2 | May 1996 | Pages 147-157
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT96-A35245
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
As part of a program to obtain realistic, as opposed to excessively conservative, analysis of reactor transients, a multiple-pin treatment for the analysis of intrasubassembly thermal hydraulics has been included in the SASSYS-1 liquid-metal reactor systems analysis code. This new treatment has made possible a whole new level of verification for the code. The code can now predict the steady-state and transient responses of individual thermocouples within instrumented subassemblies in a reactor rather than just predicting average temperatures for a subassembly. Very good agreement has been achieved between code predictions and the experimental measurements of steady-state and transient temperatures and flow rates in the shutdown heat removal tests in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-Il). Detailed multiple-pin calculations for blanket subassemblies in the EBR-II demonstrate that the actual steady-state and transient peak temperatures in these subassemblies are significantly lower than those that would be calculated by simpler models.