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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Motoo Fumizawa, Tomoaki Kunugi, Makoto Hishida, Mikio Akamatsu, Sadao Fujii, Minoru Igarashi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 110 | Number 2 | May 1995 | Pages 263-272
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT95-A35124
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic code using boundary-fitted coordinates systems has been developed to predict incompressible flows with complex geometries and large variations of physical properties. This code has been applied to a buoyancy-driven exchange flow in an enclosed space consisting of an upper and a lower hemisphere connected with a circular vertical pipe. The computational results have been compared with experiments. It was found that the computed heat transfer rate was smaller than that obtained from the experimental correlation in a single hemisphere at large Rayleigh number. This may be attributed to the effect on the flow behavior of a large variation of gas properties. Unsteady and asymmetric flow patterns such as observed in the experiments were numerically obtained in the vertical pipe.