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This division promotes the development and timely introduction of fusion energy as a sustainable energy source with favorable economic, environmental, and safety attributes. The division cooperates with other organizations on common issues of multidisciplinary fusion science and technology, conducts professional meetings, and disseminates technical information in support of these goals. Members focus on the assessment and resolution of critical developmental issues for practical fusion energy applications.
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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Hungyuan B. Liu
Nuclear Technology | Volume 109 | Number 3 | March 1995 | Pages 314-326
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT95-A35080
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A design for a slab reactor to produce an epithermal neutron beam and a thermal neutron beam for use in neutron capture therapy (NCT) is described. A thin reactor with two large-area faces, a “slab” reactor, was planned using eighty-six 20% enriched TRIGA fuel elements (General Atomics, San Diego, California) and four B4C control rods. Two neutron beams were designed: an epithermal neutron beam from one face and a thermal neutron beam from the other. The planned facility, based on this slab-reactor core with a maximum operating power of 300 kW, will provide an epithermal neutron beam of 1.8 × 109 nepi/cm2·s intensity with low contamination by fast neutrons (2.6 × 10−13Gy· cm2/nepi) and gamma rays (<1.0 × 10−13 Gy·cm2/nepi) and a thermal neutron beam of 9.0 × 109 nth/cm2·s intensity with low fast-neutron dose (1.0 × 10−13 Gy·cm2/nth) and gamma dose (<1.0 × 10−13 Gy·cm2/nth). Both neutron beams will be forward directed. Each beam can be turned on and off independently through its individual shutter. A complete NCT treatment using the designed epithermal or thermal neutron beam would take 30 or 20 min, respectively, under the condition of assuming 10 µg 10B/g in the blood. Such exposure times should be sufficiently short to maintain near-optimal target (e.g., 10B, 157Gd, and 235U) distribution in tumor versus normal tissues throughout the irradiation. With a low operating power of 300 kW, the heat generated in the core can be removed by natural convection through a pool of light water. The proposed design in this study could be constructed for a dedicated clinical NCT facility that would operate very safely.