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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Arup K. Maji, Bruce Letellier, Kyle W. Ross, Daseri V. Rao, Luke Bartlein
Nuclear Technology | Volume 146 | Number 3 | June 2004 | Pages 279-289
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT04-A3506
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper presents a comparison between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experiments in order to help pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants develop a methodology for estimating the amount of insulation debris that may transport to the sump screens of an emergency core cooling system (ECCS). This information is essential for the resolution of Generic Safety Issue-191 on the safety margins of the ECCS systems subsequent to debris accumulation and head loss at the screen.Tests were carried out on a simulated containment floor in the laboratory to determine the flow velocities in which different types of objects including insulation debris would move along the floor. CFD analyses were independently carried out to determine the flow velocities in the containment under different flow rates and break locations. It was shown that the flow regimes predicted by the CFD analyses compare well with the experimentally observed movement along the floor. Based on this observation the transport fraction of different types of insulation debris can be estimated specific to any PWR plant.