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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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DOE’s latest fusion energy road map aims to bridge known gaps
The Department of Energy introduced a Fusion Science & Technology (S&T) Roadmap on October 16 as a national “Build–Innovate–Grow” strategy to develop and commercialize fusion energy by the mid-2030s by aligning public investment and private innovation. Hailed by Darío Gil, the DOE’s new undersecretary for science, as bringing “unprecedented coordination across America's fusion enterprise” and advancing President Trump’s January 2025 executive order, on “Unleashing American Energy,” the road map echoes plans issued by the DOE’s Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) in 2023 and 2024, with a new emphasis on the convergence of AI and fusion.
The road map release coincided with other fusion energy events held this week in Washington, D.C., and beyond.
Mansoor Siddique, Michael W. Golay, Mujid S. Kazimi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 106 | Number 2 | May 1994 | Pages 202-215
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A34976
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An analytical study was conducted to characterize the local condensation heat transfer coefficient of a vapor in the presence of a noncondensable gas, where the gas mixture is flowing downward inside a vertical tube. The two-phase heat transfer was analyzed using an annular flow pattern with a liquid film at the tube wall and a turbulent gas/vapor core. The liquid phase heat transfer was modeled as heat conduction across a falling film. The gas/vapor core was modeled using the analogy between heat and mass transfer. Emphasis was placed on including the effects of developing flow, condensate film roughness, and property variation in the gas phase. The predictions of the model were compared to the experimentally obtained data and reasonably good agreement was found. The results obtained show that for the same mass fraction of noncondensable gas, compared with air, hydrogen and helium have a more inhibiting effect on the heat transfer in that order, but for the same molar ratio, (a) air was found to be more inhibiting, and (b) the heat transfer characteristics of hydrogen/steam and helium/steam mixtures are nearly identical. The results also show that the effects of developing flow are negligible when the inlet flow is at high turbulent Reynolds numbers (Re > 10000). Also, the results show that the film roughness effects are negligible for gas mixtures with low Schmidt numbers (Sc <1.0).