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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
Sandor Benedek
Nuclear Technology | Volume 105 | Number 2 | February 1994 | Pages 201-215
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A34923
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
General scaling laws for transient two-fluid flow heated by a rod are presented. The similarity of these processes can be ensured only by applying the same volume and time scale with identical model parameters. In practice, the requirement of similar interfacial friction terms cannot be fulfilled because of volume (diameter) reducing scale. Numerical examples show remarkable deviations between the state variables (the values of slip) of the prototype and those of the scaled model, especially with unsteady flow rates. The deviation becomes significant when the slip of phase velocities exceeds the range of 1.6 to 1.8. Volume and time scaling can be carried out only if the phase velocities are similar (slip equal to ∼1 in the quasi-homogeneous flow model). Maintenance of the similarity of heat transfer processes of a heated fuel rod may necessitate time scaling. Furthermore, numerical examples are presented for a scale model of a prototype pressurized water reactor, employing the time-scaled homogeneous flow model.
