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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Johan G. Visser, W. Paul M. Mercx, George L. C. M. Vayssier
Nuclear Technology | Volume 105 | Number 1 | January 1994 | Pages 59-69
Technical Paper | Special on Nuclear Criticality Safety / Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A34911
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An extensive program of experimental work has been performed at the TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory on the quenching of hydrogen/air flames in various geometries on a medium scale by partial inertization. The main parameters investigated were the composition of the gas mixture and the measure of obstruction of the flow field in order to vary the degree of turbulence. The fuel concentration was varied between equivalence ratios of 0.25 and 1.00. The influence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition was investigated during separate trials. Both inert gases were added up to 30 vol% in the various geometrical arrangements. On the basis of an initial study by Sherman et al., a basic methodology has been developed for the estimation of explosion effects of hydrogen/air/inert mixtures. The method is a simplification of the actual processes during the experiments and is therefore only indicative. It is intended to be used by those who are not expert in the field. Knowledge of the gas composition can be used to safety advise applications on a large scale, on the basis of four conservatively chosen regimes of explosion severity.