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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
T. S. Kress, E. C. Beahm, C. F. Weber, G. W. Parker
Nuclear Technology | Volume 101 | Number 3 | March 1993 | Pages 262-269
Technical Paper | Severe Accident Technology / Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT93-A34789
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Some recent advances in the knowledge base with respect to the ability to calculate fission product transport behavior in the reactor coolant system (RCS) and the containment for light water reactor severe accident conditions are discussed. Only minor advances are noted with respect to aerosol behavior. These include improvement in the understanding and modeling of impaction behavior, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, vapor/aerosol interactions, hygroscopic behavior of aerosols, and decomposition of CsI in the presence of hydrogen flames. The focus is the influence of chemical phenomena on the behavior of fission product iodine. A review is given of new work on the chemical forms released from the RCS as they are affected by gas-phase chemical kinetics, reactions with surfaces, the presence of boric acid, and revaporization from surfaces. Also reviewed is recent work on hydrolysis and radiolysis reactions in water pools in containments to determine the potential for revolatilizing iodine species back into the containment atmosphere.