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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Shigeki Fukutomi, Norio Naito, Yoji Takizawa
Nuclear Technology | Volume 99 | Number 1 | July 1992 | Pages 120-132
Technical Paper | Reactor Operation | doi.org/10.13182/NT92-A34708
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An integrated operator decision aid (IODA) system utilizing computers and cathode-ray tube (CRT) display devices has been developed by focusing attention on the importance of the operator’s role in a nuclear power plant. The developmental objective of this IODA is to improve safety, reliability, and the quality of nuclear power plant operation by helping operators handle abnormal plant conditions. Three support functions corresponding to the respective roles of operators are determined and developed: (a) a standby systems management function, (b) a disturbance analysis function for monitoring plant status and diagnosing disturbances, and (c) a posttrip operational guidance function for providing symptom-based operational guidance after a reactor scram. These functions have been integrated into an operator decision aid system for abnormal conditions in boiling water reactor (BWR) power plants. Information on plant diagnosis and guidance messages are provided through a three-level hierarchical structure of CRT display images. Results of functional verification tests of IODA using a BWR simulator show that the system effectively supports operators at all stages—from normal operation of the plant to safe plant shutdown after a reactor scram. The IODA can help operators quickly and easily understand a plant situation and take appropriate measures during abnormalities. It will also alleviate the burden on operators, thus reducing the potential for judgmental and operational errors in various plant operating modes.