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  Discovering, Making, and Testing New Materials: SRNL’s Center For Hierarchical Waste Form Materials
  Savannah River National Laboratory researchers are building on the laboratory’s legacy of using cutting-edge science to effectively immobilize nuclear waste in innovative ways. As part of the Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials, SRNL is leveraging its depth of experience in radiological waste management to explore new frontiers in the industry.
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Observations on the mechanism of oxidation of UO₂ in air and results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analyses of UO₂ electrodes exposed to aqueous solutions show that the dissolving solid under oxic conditions is essentially U₃O₇ formed by oxygen diffusion on the UO₂ surface. Saturation effects with respect to U₃O₇ can be of importance for the overall reaction rate if oxygen transport to the dissolving surface is limited. The release of soluble radionuclides in solid solution with the UO₂ matrix appears to be limited by the mass transfer rates for the conversion of U₃O₇ to alteration products such as schoepite. The rates of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs release decrease with the square root of time under uranium-saturated conditions. This time dependence may be explained by either grainboundary diffusion or by oxygen diffusion through the alteration product phase.