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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Tanvir Salim, Woon-Shing Yeung, R. Thomas Fernandez
Nuclear Technology | Volume 89 | Number 2 | February 1990 | Pages 227-232
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34349
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model to calculate the void fraction in counter-current flow for geometries with abrupt area change is proposed. Continuity and momentum equations are used to derive a quartic equation for the void fraction. By varying the known physical parameters, the quartic equation is solved to get a wide range of results that are physically consistent. The model is applied for the special case of flooding at abrupt area change geometry, and a comparison with data is made.
