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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Hyong Chol Kim, Ming-Yuan Hsiao, Samuel H. Levine
Nuclear Technology | Volume 86 | Number 3 | September 1989 | Pages 289-304
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34297
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new concept for the fuel cycle analysis of a multicycle design is introduced. This new concept has been applied to the boiling water reactor of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station. A linear programming method is used to determine the optimum reload pattern for a given set of reload fuel assemblies for each cycle. The optimum reload pattern maximizes the cycle length and provides a target core pattern. Sensitivity functions are computed using the HUDDLE code, which depletes the core using the Haling power distribution. The linear programming convergence characteristics are greatly enhanced by incorporating goal programming. Fuel assemblies are allocated based on the predicted core state at the end of cycle. The reactivity of the fuel assembly is used as the index variable of the fuel state. Fuel assemblies are allocated by region, using the gradient projection method, to simulate the optimal target core. Next, the optimal core, in the sense of maximum cycle energy, is obtained by further modifying the core to increase the discharge burnup. For this purpose, the sum of the discharge burnups is included as a part of the objective function. The algorithm is successfully applied to a multicycle test problem, and the results are compared in terms of fuel utilization. The increased-discharge-burnup reload designs show an improved potential for reducing fuel costs together with the maximum-cycle-energy design in the test problem.
