Transuranic waste isotope activity of 0.11 TBq (2.93 Ci) was found in 40 replaceable cartridges of a deep-bed fiberglass filter assembly. An investigation was initiated to provide information required for preparation of safety analyses and decommissioning plans. The filter assembly was suspected to contain 4 TBq (100 Ci) of plutonium, based on ambient neutron flux, confirmed by thermoluminescent dosimeters, and quantified by passive activation of indium foils. However, chemical analyses of smear samples are not consistent with this predicted activity. Americium-241, 244Cm, and isotopes of plutonium are identified by chemical separations and alpha energy analysis of dissolved smears. Isotopic composition based on measured relative alpha activities is used to establish the transuranic content. A major fraction of the observed ambient neutron flux is attributable to 244Cm, a nontransuranic radionuclide.