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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Tatsuo Izumida, Fumio Kawamura, Koichi Chino, Makoto Kikuchi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 78 | Number 2 | August 1987 | Pages 185-190
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33996
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new solidification technique using cement-glass, which is a mixture of sodium silicate and cement, was studied for solidification of sodium borate salt of liquid waste generated from pressurized water reactor plants. When the sodium borate salt was solidified with the cement-glass, the resulting package contained eight times more sodium borate than was found in cement because it did not interact with sodium borate. The leaching ratio of cesium ion from the cement-glass package was one-tenth that of cement. Its low leaching ratio was due to the high cesium adsorption ability of cement-glass. The ratio could be theoretically evaluated by considering the cesium adsorption-de-sorption equilibrium.