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Division Spotlight
Fuel Cycle & Waste Management
Devoted to all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle including waste management, worldwide. Division specific areas of interest and involvement include uranium conversion and enrichment; fuel fabrication, management (in-core and ex-core) and recycle; transportation; safeguards; high-level, low-level and mixed waste management and disposal; public policy and program management; decontamination and decommissioning environmental restoration; and excess weapons materials disposition.
Meeting Spotlight
Utility Working Conference and Vendor Technology Expo (UWC 2024)
August 4–7, 2024
Marco Island, FL|JW Marriott Marco Island
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
Four million nuclear jobs by 2050: Who will do them?
Industry leaders from around the globe met this month to discuss the talent development that will be necessary for the long-term success of the nuclear industry.
The International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management and Human Resources Development, hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, was held in Vienna earlier this month. Discussed there was the agency’s forecast for nuclear capacity to more than double—or hopefully triple—by 2050 and the requirement of more than four million professionals to support the industry.
Jeffery David Lewins
Nuclear Technology | Volume 76 | Number 1 | January 1987 | Pages 68-83
Technical Paper | Fuel Cycle | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33898
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Egan’s theory of fuel management for in-core fuel cycles covers both integer and noninteger strategies, where exact integer fractions imply changing, for example, one-third of the core at a time. Various typical problems can be identified that focus on the dynamics of such in-core fuel cycles. In the first problem, one can specify the initial enrichment and hence initial reactivity of the reload fuel and the fraction (integer or noninteger) to be changed in the reload strategy. Starting from an allclean core, there is a sequence of cycle times, measured in, say, megawatt days per kilogram. For both integer and noninteger strategies, this sequence converges to an equilibrium cycle time that repeats unchanged; the convergence is quite rapid. On the other hand, the fuel manager may prefer to maintain the strategy at each reload, changing the same fraction of fuel assemblies but varying the initial reactivity (via enrichment variation) to secure constant equilibrium burnup or cycle time from the start. Egan showed, by numerical examples, that integer strategies do not converge but oscillate through the sequences of initial reactivities. Although this behavior is true for all integer strategies, it turns out that noninteger strategies do converge, albeit very slowly. Finally, what about varying the fraction of standard fuel assemblies reloaded in each cycle while keeping the burnup time constant? It appears that the sequence of such fractional reloadings is also convergent, for integer and noninteger cases, a fact that can be proved with the aid of the proof for the initial problem of varying cycle times. So the fuel manager would be advised to consider this third option, varying the fractional reload, rather than the second option, varying the initial reactivity or enrichment to achieve an equilibrium cycle. The present work is done in the context of a simple lumped model using a linear variation of reactivity with burnup. Future extensions could be made to allow perhaps for coast down and energy distribution coefficients. Nevertheless, the present analysis provides a simple theory to underpin conventional and more complicated computer studies of distributed systems.