ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Decommissioning & Environmental Sciences
The mission of the Decommissioning and Environmental Sciences (DES) Division is to promote the development and use of those skills and technologies associated with the use of nuclear energy and the optimal management and stewardship of the environment, sustainable development, decommissioning, remediation, reutilization, and long-term surveillance and maintenance of nuclear-related installations, and sites. The target audience for this effort is the membership of the Division, the Society, and the public at large.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Apr 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
May 2025
Nuclear Technology
April 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Heinz Bachhuber, Kurt Bunzl, Wolfgang Schimmack
Nuclear Technology | Volume 72 | Number 3 | March 1986 | Pages 359-371
Technical Paper | Radiation Protection and Health Physics Practices and Experience in Operating Reactors Internationally / Analyse | doi.org/10.13182/NT86-A33775
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To obtain information on the spatial variability of the sorption properties of a cultivated soil, the distribution coefficients Kd of the radionuclides 137Cs, 65Zn, 85Sr, 57Co, 109Cd, 141Ce, 103Ru, 95mTc, and 131I were determined in batch experiments. Fifty soil samples were taken along each diagonal from a cultivated field (150 × 100 m) of Parabrown earth soil (Alfisol), and four replicate Kd measurements were performed for each soil sample in order to separate the spatial variability of the Kd values from the experimental error. The results show that the Kd values of the above radionuclides (with the exception of 57Co) are not distributed randomly along each diagonal, but exhibit statistically significant trends or maxima and minima. The distribution coefficients increase on average in the sequence Tc < I < Sr < Ru < Cd ≃ Zn < Co < Ce < Cs. The spatial variability of the Kd values increases in the sequence Sr < Cs < Cd < I < Co ≃ Zn ≃ Tc < Ru < Ce by about one order of magnitude. For the soil investigated, if an error in the mean Kd value of 20 % is tolerated, at the 95 % confidence level, the minimum number of soil samples to be taken can be estimated for the above radionuclides as: strontium, 2; cesium, 4; cadmium, 8; iodine, 13; cobalt, 15; zinc, 15; technetium, 15; ruthenium, 23; and cerium, 140. Correlation analysis revealed that in many cases the Kd values of different radionuclides are closely correlated, i.e., that at locations, where one radionuclide exhibited relatively high Kd values, another showed either correspondingly high values (positive correlation) or low values (negative correlation). It is shown that in many cases these correlations are the result of the significant (positive or negative) correlation of the Kd value with the pH of the soil solution.