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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
H. Deuber
Nuclear Technology | Volume 70 | Number 2 | August 1985 | Pages 149-152
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT85-A33637
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The measurements performed in the exhaust air streams of two FRG boiling water reactors (BWRs) during normal operation show that the radioecologically decisive elemental 131 I is largely released to the environment by the unfiltered reactor and turbine building exhausts (order of magnitude of throughput: 100 000 m3/h each). It is concluded that, with respect to the release of elemental 131I, a reasonable improvement of the iodine filtration concept implemented in the two BWRs is not possible.
